Joint submission to the UN Special Rapporteur
on freedom of expression
February 10, 2015
In response to the call for submissions of the United
Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and
expression regarding the use of encryption and
anonymity in digital communications, the Citizen Lab
and independent researcher Collin Anderson have
submitted a joint analysis, entitled “The need for
democratization of digital security solutions to
ensure the right to freedom of expression.” The
submission explores the essential role of digital
security tools, particularly encryption and anonymity
software, in protecting the rights to freedom of
expression and privacy of civil society actors, many
of which are subject to politically-motivated digital
surveillance and censorship.
As an Appendix to our analysis, we include a chart on
the relationship between civil society requirements
for effective and secure digital communications, and
the use of encryption or anonymity tools. This table
is not exhaustive and should be considered a first
attempt at elaborating on the types of information
security risks posed to freedom of expression and
privacy. Properly implemented and non-backdoored
encryption can reduce exposure to certain forms of
mass surveillance and provide users the opportunity to
remain in control of their information despite efforts
to compromise it, including interception and hacking.
However, this analysis also demonstrates that
encryption is not a panacea for the diversity of
physical and digital threats that at-risk individuals
face on a daily basis.
We look forward to further developing this resource
and encourage members of the technical community,
civil society, journalists, and others to critique the
form and content of the Appendix.