Dear Romina, I've found your article very instresting and wanted to share with you te Africa 2016-03-10 17:25 GMT+00:00 romina florencia Cabrera <[log in to unmask] >: > "The Interner as a human right" > > By Romina Florencia Cabrera > > In an increasingly interconnected and governed by the so-called > information society world, the use of virtual media and procurement, > storage and distribution of electronic data is almost an inevitable tool in > our not only legal but also everyday life. Who discussion forums, text > messages or phone calls, both as affective labor matters not related by > social networking sites, e-mail,? This paradigm shift has led to rethink > the relationship between the participants in the globalized world. The > national constitution provides guarantees (legal guarantees) to all > citizens of the nation, rethought regarding the merger of public and > private issues in the era of interconnectedness, such as private property, > the violation of correspondence (now extended email), habeas data > (related to digital databases in different public, private or web pages) > organizations, intellectual property rights, etc. > > The first computer was created by the Chinese, the abacus. Then he > perfected, until the model we know today. > > ARPANET AND THE BIRTH OF INTERNET > > Internet was born in the early 60s as a new form of communication between > the bases of the US military, to the fragility that meant at that time > telephone communication, and facing a possible military conflict. > > It was as during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet > Union, the first computers of US military bases are connected to each > other, forming a, ARPANET network through which it was possible to > communicate without using the lines conventional telephone. > > Few time later and the promotion of American universities, the Internet > network is integrated with all these tanks, and it's not much longer to > Internet, we would say that is released to the world, for connection to a > large network of computer networks which globally unites and connects all. > > Thus was born a new society which we call the Information Society and > Knowledge which greatly facilitates access and transmission of information > and knowledge. Internet revolutionizes the world > > But all this comes supported Internet firmly on the principle of freedom > of expression on the Internet that translates into one sentence: freedom of > content on the Internet means that everything can be reported. > > This principle of freedom of Internet content, often was reflected even in > legislation. In Argentina, the principle of art. 14 of the Constitution > referred to the press and which enshrines the right to publish ideas > through the press without prior censorship, he moved to the Internet, first > by a decree in the 90s and then in a 2005 law, which states that search, > receive and impart information and ideas through the Internet service is > considered to fall within the constitutional guarantee that protects > freedom of expression. > > They spend a few decades and that static Internet first, where the user is > informed but not actively involved, is becoming a dynamic, interactive and > then participatory Web, where users are the builders and are the ones who > go up and down information network . > > They appear interactive services, chat, social networks, blogs and > ultimately cloud computing, of which much has been said. > > That Internet with complete freedom of content, which worked relatively > well during the early years, but with the new century gradually we go > appearing abuses that freedom in Internet content and appear on Internet > sites attacks on privacy and personal privacy, the grievances and insults > propaladas through the network, the apology of crime, discrimination, > incitement to hatred and violence, the commission of crimes, some own the > new system and other common crimes but are begin to make no longer in the > field of real life, but in the field of virtual life Internet. > > On the other hand the rapid advance of the system is enveloping us, and > despite the wonder of the approach of knowledge that gives us, we will > gradually turning into pieces of a great machine. > > Security is becoming a concern. Information theft, hacking sites, and > even the danger of cyber attacks. All these are challenges that we must > face and overcome if we build a more robust and reliable for all members > who make up the so-called "Information Society" cybernetic future. > > COMMUNICATION, FREEDOM AND THE INTERNET > > Like any technology, the Internet is a cultural creation: it reflects the > principles and values of its inventors, who were also its first users and > experimenters. Moreover, being an interactive communication technology > with strong ability feedback, Internet applications are reflected in its > development as a network and the type of technology applications emerging. Libertarians > values of those who created and developed the Internet, namely, computer > academic researchers, hackers, countercultural community networks and > entrepreneurs in the new economy, determined an open architecture and are > difficult to control. At the same time, when the company realized the > extraordinary ability that the Internet represents, the values embodied > in the network spread in the whole of social life, particularly among > younger generations. Internet and freedom became synonymous for many > people around the world. > > Faced with such technological and cultural transformation, those in power > to control information throughout history, ie, states and churches, reacted > with concern and, in non-democratic states, hostile, trying to restore administrative > control of expression and communication. But the implementation of the > statist project on Internet is considerable obstacles. In democratic > countries, the Internet has established itself as an essential tool of > expression, information and horizontal communication between citizens and > receives the constitutional and judicial protection of freedoms. In all > countries, except in theocracies, economic and technological importance of > the Internet precludes can ignore or relegate its widespread use in > society. Moreover, the ideology of progress through technology makes > Internet promoting a legitimizing value to governments base their strategy > on economic development within the framework of globalization. Hence the > complicated political Bobbin lace between freedom and control by the State. > > Meanwhile, Internet users often claim their individual rights out of > context, positioning itself as technologically vanguard released a > computer-illiterate society. Moreover, entrepreneurs reach entrepreneurs > through accelerated commercialization of the Internet, a process that often > betray their libertarian principles, for example, by sacrificing the > privacy of its customers and technical and informational collaboration with > control devices and Administration oversight. > > Citizens, in general, tend to make an instrumental use and little > ideological Internet: use it for what serves you and consider Internet > freedom as a fundamental issue when long ago have become accustomed to > political and commercial control of its main source of information: > television. But this attitude may change as society goes settled in the > first generation growing up with the Internet. As Internet usage go > generalizing information and knowledge about the critical social importance > of control over the Internet, it may be that the battle for freedom in the > network, including economic freedom of access to the network, overflowing > the confines of the current enlightened elite. > > HUMAN RIGHTS > > Human rights are inherent attributes of all people by their very condition > of being human, its origins date back to the emergence of humanity itself, > and therefore exist beyond the legal recognition of States. Inspired > values of dignity, justice, equality and freedom, involve obligations of > States for all people. > > The concept of human rights include rights of various kinds, including > civil, political, economic, social and cultural are located. They all > enjoy the same status and importance. The Universal Declaration of Human > Rights does not establish hierarchies of rights and considered as an > integral part of the concept of human rights to economic, social and > cultural rights. > > Civil and political rights form the so-called "first generation of human > rights", and economic, social and cultural make up the so-called "second > generation". Within the first category are located rights to life, > integrity, liberty, nationality, name, honor, property, to a fair trial and > to equality, among others; however, within the "second generation" are > the rights to food, health, education, culture, work, social security, to > strike, to free union association and housing dignified, for example. > > The evolution of the law of human rights can speak today of rights of > third and even fourth generation, among which are the right to development, > a healthy environment, peace and respect for the common heritage of mankind. > > The classification in generations is simply a division for educational > purposes and does not mean that duties happened to others or that some are > more important than others because they all have equal rights hierarchy. > > The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, > adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1966 and in force since > 1976, is the international instrument to enshrine these rights and also > provides for the establishment of the Committee on Economic, Social and > Cultural , the body responsible for monitoring and control of the > obligations assumed by States when ratifying pledged to guarantee the > exercise of these rights without discrimination of any kind. > > Beyond international monitoring of compliance with each government, public > policy and national budgets should be made with the International Covenant > on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as a parameter. > > For effective enforcement of all rights must be different mechanisms of > promotion, prevention and protection within each country by states to > ensure the effective enjoyment of human rights for persons subject to their > jurisdiction. > > FINAL THOUGHTS > > There should be policies and programs needed to enable the effective > enjoyment of such rights; the mere existence of relevant legislation is > not enough. .The Ecosoc has recently voted by almost unanimous ruling > that the internet is considered a human right; efficient and effective > connectivity and the right to navigate freely and with proper broadband has > been treated in different countries, as in France, where it is almost a > constitutional guarantee, and the US, soon to be considered in the same > way. The obligations of the countries signing the covenant of Economic, > social and cultural rights must be respected and enforced. The exchange > of information between states is fundamental to understanding more > effectively common challenges and improve strategies, seeking solutions to > conflicts through international cooperation. In this way it must be made > public scrutiny of public policies among the states that have signed > covenant, and consider the human rights activist no way, but as strategies > for these policies. Thus the progress of each country is assessed. As an > example in Mercosur, Brazil has signed all treaties ddhh; Argentina > incorporates in Art. 75, paragraph 22, of the Constitution, with > constitutional status, over laws, while not undermined. In Colombia a > group of an indigenous community (so-called indigenous peoples), claimed > their rights of ethnic partencia and respect for them through the internet. > > Internet Society welcomes the adoption of the Resolution on Human Rights > and the Internet in the 20 Human Rights Council on 9 July this year, in > Geneva, Switzerland, establishing the promotion, protection and enjoyment > of human rights on the Internet. Internet Society welcomes the resolution > of the United Nations, from the Human Rights Council. In the resolution > states that the same rights that people have offline must also be protected > online, and recognizes the global Internet and open as a driving force for > development. It also calls upon all States to promote and facilitate > access to the Internet. The resolution was introduced by Sweden and > adopted by consensus. The Human Rights Council has an important role to > play to ensure that its Member States allow their citizens to exercise > their most basic rights, including freedom of expression or peaceful > association online. In recent years, the time has been building in the > Council for the inclusion of Internet as a legitimate space to account for > the exercise of various human rights. The report of the Special > Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of > opinion and expression has made it clear that denying access to the > Internet can be a violation of a fundamental human right. > > Internet Society devoted to the drafting sessions that lead to the > adoption of this new resolution, and suggested the inclusion of the concept > of the open Internet. "The inclusion of open and global nature of the > Internet in this official of UN resolution is a recognition of some of the > main attributes that make successful Internet," said Lynn St. Amour, > President and CEO of the Society Internet. "We firmly believe that the > open Internet model is organically linked to the exercise of human rights > online. Thanks to its fundamental characteristics, the Internet has given > great impetus to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly worldwide. These > characteristics must be preserved ". > > I think knowing the contents of our Constitution and accessing it > virtually (via internet and digital format), you can reach the interest and > knowledge of most members of our citizenship, and act as multipliers > respect for legal norms ; to better understand the rights and obligations > of the members of a democratic society information. Internet should be > available to all citizens, can the same enjoy the content equally and not > restrictive, guaranteeing freedom of expression on the web and the right to > information, with effective training to citizenship (and obviously state) > agents, and safeguarding the right to privacy and intellectual property. > > I think in this way could enjoy the free will in the era of > interconnectedness, respecting the basic pillars of the definition of > freedom, Inmauel Kant, which involves limits: freedom is the ability of > rational beings to determine to act according to laws other than natural, > that is, according to laws that are given by its own reason; freedom is > equivalent to autonomy. > > SOURCES > > Final conference of the XV Congress of FIADI. Dr. Horacio Fernandez > Delpech. > > > http://www.hfernandezdelpech.com.ar/CONFERENCIA%20FINAL%20XV%20CONGRESO%20FIADI.pdf > > Interview with Prof. Antonio A. Martino on the site > www.legislarbien.com.ar > > 19/07/2006. Electronic Government and Digital Democracy. > > Castells, Manuel "Internet, freedom and society: an analytical perspective. > > http://www.uoc.edu/web/esp/launiversidad/inaugural01/intro_conc.html > > Salvioli, Fabian: On Line Course on the System Protection of Human Rights > in the United Nations Organization; Ed. American Institute of Human > Rights, San José de Costa Rica, 2003 www.iidh.ed.cr/CursosIIDH > > Internet Society. > > > > http://oiprodat.com/2013/02/24/la-internet-como-derecho-humano/ > > _______________________________________________ > Ncuc-discuss mailing list > [log in to unmask] > http://lists.ncuc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/ncuc-discuss > > -- *Olévié Ayaovi Agbenyo KOUAMI* *Directeur-Adjoint de O and K IT SOLUTIONS sarl Editeur de logiciels de gestion (PGI/ERP) S.I.G.E. (http://www.oandkit.com <http://www.oandkit.com>)* *Président/CEO de l'INTIC4DEV (Institut des TIC pour le développement) http://www.intic4dev.org <http://www.intic4dev.org> * *Secrétaire Général de l'ESTETIC - Association Togolaise des professionnels des TIC (http://www.estetic.tg <http://www.estetic.tg>)* *ICANN-GNSO-NCSG-NPOC Communications Committee Chair (http://www.npoc.org/ <http://www.npoc.org/>)**ICANN - Fellow & Alumni (http://www.icann.org <http://www.icann.org>) - Membre de Internet Society (http://www.isoc.org <http://www.isoc.org>) * *Membre fondateur du RIK-Togo (Réseau Interprofessionnel du Karité au Togo)* (http://www.globalshea.com) - *Skype : olevie1 FaceBook : @olivier.kouami.3 Twitter : #oleviek Lomé – Togo*